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{\footer\pard\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs18\i      \tab{\txfielddef{\*\txfieldstart\txfieldtype3\txfieldflags0}{\*\txfielddatadef\txfielddatatype3\txfielddata 00030001}{\*\txfieldtext \plain\f0\fs18\i }{\field{\*\fldinst {\plain\f0\fs18\i PAGE }}{\fldrslt{\plain\f0\fs18\i 1}}}}\par}\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b 1.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about Newton\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'92s laws of motion, the dynamics of a model helicopter and the engine that powers it.\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab Explain how Newton\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'92s third law leads to the concept of conservation of momentum in the collision between two objects in an isolated system.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab The diagram illustrates a model helicopter that is hovering in a stationary position.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw14097\pich4383\picwgoal7995\pichgoal2490\picscalex100\picscaley100 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The rotating blades of the helicopter force a column of air to move downwards. Explain how this may enable the helicopter to remain stationary.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab The length of each blade of the helicopter in (b) is 0.70 m. Deduce that the area that the blades sweep out as they rotate is 1.5 m\plain\f1\fs16\up10 2\plain\f1\fs22 . (Area of a circle = \plain\f2\fs22 p\plain\f1\fs22\i r\plain\f1\fs16\up10 2\plain\f1\fs22 )\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab For the hovering helicopter in (b), it is assumed that all the air beneath the blades is pushed vertically downwards with the same speed of 4.0 m s\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22 . No other air is disturbed.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 The density of the air is 1.2 kg m\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'963\plain\f1\fs22 .\par Calculate, for the air moved downwards by the rotating blades,\par (i)\tab the mass per second;\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab the rate of change of momentum.\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (e)\tab State the magnitude of the force that the air beneath the blades exerts on the blades.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (f)\tab Calculate the mass of the helicopter and its load.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (g)\tab In order to move forward, the helicopter blades are made to incline at an angle \plain\f2\fs22\i q\plain\f1\fs22\i  \plain\f1\fs22  to the horizontal as shown schematically below.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw8049\pich1880\picwgoal4560\pichgoal1065\picscalex100\picscaley100 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While moving forward, the helicopter does not move vertically up or down. In the space provided below draw a free body force diagram that shows the forces acting on the helicopter blades at the moment that the helicopter starts to move forward. On your diagram, label the angle\plain\f2\fs22\i q\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\par\par\par\par\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par (h)\tab Use your diagram in (g) to explain why a forward force \plain\f1\fs22\i F\plain\f1\fs22  now acts on the helicopter and deduce that the initial acceleration \plain\f1\fs22\i a\plain\f1\fs22  of the helicopter is given by\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx4396\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\plain\f1\fs22\tab\tab\plain\f1\fs22\i a\plain\f1\fs22  = \plain\f1\fs22\i g\plain\f1\fs22  tan\plain\f2\fs22\i q\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 where \plain\f1\fs22\i g\plain\f1\fs22  is the acceleration of free fall.\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (5)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab The helicopter is driven by an engine that has a useful power output of 9.0 \plain\f2\fs22\loch\f2\hich\f2 \'b4\plain\f1\fs22  10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 2\plain\f1\fs22  W. The engine makes 300 revolutions per second. Deduce that the work done in one cycle is 3.0 J.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (j)\tab The diagram below shows the relation between the pressure and the volume of the air in the engine for one cycle of operation of the engine.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw12476\pich8955\picwgoal7080\pichgoal5070\picscalex100\picscaley100 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}\par (i)\tab State the name given to the type of process represented by D\plain\f2\fs22\loch\f2\hich\f2 \'ae\plain\f1\fs22 A.\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab During one cycle of the engine, the gas absorbs \plain\f1\fs22\i Q\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 1\plain\f1\fs22  units of thermal energy and \plain\f1\fs22\i Q\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22  units of thermal energy are transferred from the gas. On the diagram above, draw labelled arrows to show these energy transfers.\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (iii)\tab The efficiency of the engine is 60\plain\f2\fs22 %\plain\f1\fs22 . Using your answer to question (i), calculate the values of \plain\f1\fs22\i Q\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 1\plain\f1\fs22  and \plain\f1\fs22\i Q\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\plain\f1\fs20\par\plain\f1\fs20\b (Total 30 marks)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 2.\plain\f1\fs22\tab Momentum\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1400\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab State the law of conservation of linear momentum.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par ...................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab A toy rocket of mass 0.12 kg contains 0.59 kg of water as shown in the diagram below.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw7146\pich4574\picwgoal4050\pichgoal2595\picscalex100\picscaley100 010009000003a704000007008600000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c02010001000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c0201000100050000000c02fc27803e050000000b0200000000050000000601010000000500000006010200000007000000fc020000aaa9a9000000040000002d01000008000000fa0205000100000000000000040000002d010100050000000601020000001a00000024030b007830c1212c27c1212c2753172c271f1770273317cd2745179e2a4f17882f531768302517783053177830c12108000000fa0200000000000000000000040000002d01020007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d01030004000000f0010000050000000601010000000500000006010200000007000000fc020100000000000000040000002d01000008000000fa020000270000004d494800040000002d01040086000000250341002c273f072e27e40632278a063a2732064427db0552278605622732057427e1048a279004a2274204bc27f603d827ac03f7276503192820033c28dd0261289d0289286002b2282502dd28ee010a29ba013929890169295b019b293001ce290901032ae600392ac600702aab00a92a9300e22a7f001d2b7000582b6400952b5e00d22b5b000f2c5e004c2c6400872c7000c22c7f00fb2c9300342dab006b2dc600a12de600d62d0901092e30013b2e5b016b2e89019a2eba01c72eee01f22e25021b2f6002422f9d02682fdd028b2f2003ac2f6503cb2fac03e82ff603023042041a3090042f30e10442303205523086055f30db056a30320671308a067630e40678303f070c0000002503040078303f077830c2212c27c2212c273f070e00000024030500d534b4277830b42778301b16d534541ed534b4270e00000025030500cf22b4272c27b4272c271b16cf22541ecf22b42732000000250317002c2705172e270c17322713173a27191745271f175227251762272a1775272f178b273317a3273717bd273b17da273e17fa2741173e2846178c284a17e0284e173c2950179e295217062a5317732a5417e42a54175a2b5417d22b541732000000250317007830051776300c17713013176a3019175f301f175230251741302a172e302f171930331701303717e62f3b17c92f3e17aa2f4117652f4617182f4a17c32e4e17682e5017052e52179e2d5317312d5417bf2c54174a2c5417d22b5417040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f00104000500000006010100000005000000060102000000040000002d01000008000000fa020000270000001f1a1700040000002d0104000800000025030200ad2e501b00365e160800000025030200641e7e03e5285508040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f0010400050000000601010000000500000006010200000007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d010400040000002d010100050000000601020000000e000000240305000b2cf821992bf821992bb6210b2cb6210b2cf821040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f0010400050000000601010000000500000006010200000007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d010400040000002d010100050000000601020000000e000000240305008b2bfa22e92afa22e92ac4218b2bc4218b2bfa22040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f00104000500000006010100000005000000060102000000040000002d01000008000000fa020000270000004d494800040000002d0104000e000000240305008b2bfa22e92afa22e92ac4218b2bc4218b2bfa22040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f0010400050000000601010000000500000006010200000007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d010400040000002d010100050000000601020000000e00000024030500bb2cfa22192cfa22192cc421bb2cc421bb2cfa22040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f00104000500000006010100000005000000060102000000040000002d01000008000000fa020000270000004d494800040000002d0104000e00000024030500bb2cfa22192cfa22192cc421bb2cc421bb2cfa22040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f00104000500000006010100000005000000060102000000040000002d01000008000000fa020000270000001f1a1700040000002d0104000800000025030200002b7022641eb91f040000002d010200040000002d01030004000000f0010400050000000601010000001c000000fb029bfc5c01000000009001000000000700021254696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0058aaf37761aaf3772030f577350666c9040000002d0104001c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000000102022253797374656d0000350666c900000a0021008a0100000000ffffffffc8d31300040000002d010500040000002d010400040000002d0105001c000000fb029bfc5c01000000009001000000000700021254696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0058aaf37761aaf3772030f577350666c9040000002d0106000500000009021f1a1700050000002e01180000000500000002010100000021000000320ad203d80611000000686967682d70726573737572652061697200b201f200b201b2012101b3012101820152015201b20121018201d9008101f2001930040000002d01050004000000f0010600040000002d010400040000002d010500040000002d010400040000002d0105001c000000fb029bfc5c01000000009001000000000700021254696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0058aaf37761aaf3772030f577350666c9040000002d0106000500000009021f1a1700050000002e01180000000500000002010100000025000000320a0d208c00140000006e6f7a7a6c652c2072616469757320312e346d6db201b30181018201f1008101da00d90021018101b301f100b2015201da00b201d900b201a4023717040000002d01050004000000f0010600040000002d010400040000002d010500040000002d010400040000002d0105001c000000fb029bfc5c01000000009001000000000700021254696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0058aaf37761aaf3772030f577350666c9040000002d0106000500000009021f1a1700050000002e0118000000050000000201010000000f000000320a38167c360500000077617465720073028201f1008201f100040000002d01050004000000f0010600030000000000}\par\pard\s18\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\tab The space above the water contains high-pressure air. The nozzle of the rocket has a circular cross-section of radius 1.4 mm. When the nozzle is opened, water emerges from the nozzle at a \plain\f1\fs22\b constant speed\plain\f1\fs22  of 18 m s\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22 . The density of water is 1000 kg m\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'963\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab Deduce that the volume of water ejected per second through the nozzle is 1.1 \plain\f2\fs22\loch\f2\hich\f2 \'b4\plain\f1\fs22  10\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'964\plain\f1\fs22  m\plain\f1\fs16\up10 3\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Deduce that the upward force that the ejected water exerts on the rocket is approximately 2.0 N. Explain your working by reference to Newton\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'92s laws of motion.\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (iii)\tab Calculate the time delay between opening the nozzle and the rocket achieving lift-off.\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par .........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s20\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\plain\f1\fs20\par\plain\f1\fs20\b (Total 10 marks)\plain\f1\fs20\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\par }