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{\footer\pard\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs18\i      \tab{\txfielddef{\*\txfieldstart\txfieldtype3\txfieldflags0}{\*\txfielddatadef\txfielddatatype3\txfielddata 00030001}{\*\txfieldtext \plain\f0\fs18\i }{\field{\*\fldinst {\plain\f0\fs18\i PAGE }}{\fldrslt{\plain\f0\fs18\i 1}}}}\par}\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b 1.\plain\f1\fs22\tab Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 A.\tab conduction.\par B.\tab radiation.\par C.\tab conduction and convection.\par D.\tab radiation and convection.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 2.\plain\f1\fs22\tab Two different objects are in thermal contact with one another. The objects are at different temperatures. The temperatures of the two objects determine\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 A.\tab the process by which thermal energy is transferred.\par B.\tab the heat capacity of each object.\par C.\tab the direction of transfer of thermal energy between the objects.\par D.\tab the amount of internal energy in each object.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 3.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about an experiment to measure the temperature of a flame.\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab Define \plain\f1\fs22\i heat (thermal) capacity\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\tab A piece of metal is held in the flame of a Bunsen burner for several minutes. The metal is then quickly transferred to a known mass of water contained in a calorimeter.\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw9786\pich5311\picwgoal5550\pichgoal3015\picscalex100\picscaley100 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f730b716f730e717e32f4f170500000006010200000005000000060101000000040000002d010300040000002d01020004000000f001050007000000fc0200001f1a17000000040000002d010500040000002d01010005000000060102000000050000000601020000000c000000240304008a2ca4138231a41382316a138a2c6a1305000000060102000000050000000601010000000e00000024030500a22c1f148e2b8713a22cef12a22c1f148e2b87130500000006010200000005000000060101000000040000002d010300040000002d01020004000000f0010500030000000000}\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\tab The water into which the metal has been placed is stirred until it reaches a steady temperature.\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par (b)\tab Explain why\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab the metal is transferred as quickly as possible from the flame to the water;\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab the water is stirred.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22  \par\tab The following data are available:\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tx5103\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\plain\f1\fs22 heat capacity of metal\tab = 82.7 J K\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22\par heat capacity of the water in the calorimeter\tab = 5.46 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 2\plain\f1\fs22  J K\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22\par heat capacity of the calorimeter\tab = 54.6 J K\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22\par initial temperature of the water\tab = 288 K\par final temperature of the water\tab = 353 K\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab Assuming negligible energy losses in the processes involved, use the data to calculate the temperature\plain\f1\fs22\i  T \plain\f1\fs22 of the Bunsen flame.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\par (Total 7 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 4.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about wind energy.\par\tab It is required to design wind turbines for a wind farm for which the following information is available.\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx6663\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tab Total required annual electrical energy output from the wind farm\tab = 120 TJ\line Maximum number of turbines for which there is space on the farm\tab = 20\line Average annual wind speed at the site\tab = 9.0 m s\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab Deduce that the average power output required from one turbine is 0.19 MW.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab Estimate the blade radius of the wind turbine that will give a power output of 0.19 MW. (Density of air = 1.2 kg m\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'963\plain\f1\fs22 )\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab State \plain\f1\fs22\b one\plain\f1\fs22  reason why your answer to (b) is only an estimate.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s22\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab Discuss briefly \plain\f1\fs22\b one\plain\f1\fs22  disadvantage of generating power from wind energy.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (Total 9 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 5.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about the change of phase (state) of ice.\par\tab A quantity of crushed ice is removed from a freezer and placed in a calorimeter. Thermal energy is supplied to the ice at a constant rate. To ensure that all the ice is at the same temperature, it is continually stirred. The temperature of the contents of the calorimeter is recorded every 15 seconds.\par\tab The graph below shows the variation with time \plain\f1\fs22\i t\plain\f1\fs22  of the temperature \plain\f2\fs22\i\loch\f2\hich\f2 \'e8 \plain\f1\fs22 of the contents of the calorimeter. \plain\f1\fs22\i (Uncertainties in the measured quantities are not shown.)\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw15663\pich10121\picwgoal8880\pichgoal5745\picscalex100\picscaley100 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 \par\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab On the graph above, mark with an X, the data point on the graph at which all the ice has just melted.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab Explain, with reference to the energy of the molecules, the constant temperature region of the graph.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22  \par\tab The mass of the ice is 0.25 kg and the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22  K{\txfielddef{\*\txfieldstart\txfieldtype4\txfieldflags0}{\*\txfielddatadef\txfielddatatype4\txfielddata 4f004c0045005f004c0049004e004b0032000000}{\*\txfieldtext \plain\f1\fs16\up10 }{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2}}\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'961\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab Use these data and data from the graph to\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab deduce that energy is supplied to the ice at the rate of about 530 W.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab determine the specific heat capacity of ice.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (iii)\tab determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par (Total 12 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 6.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about modelling the thermal processes involved when a person is running.\par\tab When running, a person generates \plain\f1\fs22\i thermal energy \plain\f1\fs22 but maintains approximately constant \plain\f1\fs22\i temperature\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab Explain what \plain\f1\fs22\i thermal energy\plain\f1\fs22  and \plain\f1\fs22\i temperature\plain\f1\fs22  mean. Distinguish between the two concepts.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22  \par\tab The following simple model may be used to estimate the rise in temperature of a runner assuming no thermal energy is lost.\par\tab A closed container holds 70 kg of water, representing the mass of the runner. The water is heated at a rate of 1200 W for 30 minutes. This represents the energy generation in the runner.\par\pard\s28\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab (i)\tab Show that the thermal energy generated by the heater is 2.2 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 6\plain\f1\fs22  J.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Calculate the temperature rise of the water, assuming no energy losses from the water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1\u8722 1\plain\f1\fs22  K\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1\u8722 1\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab The temperature rise calculated in (b) would be dangerous for the runner. Outline \plain\f1\fs22\b three \plain\f1\fs22 mechanisms, other than evaporation, by which the container in the model would transfer energy to its surroundings.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (6)\plain\f1\fs20\b\i\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22  \par\tab A further process by which energy is lost from the runner is the evaporation of sweat.\par\pard\s28\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab (i)\tab Describe, in terms of molecular behaviour, why evaporation causes cooling.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Percentage of generated energy lost by sweating: 50%\line Specific latent heat of vaporization of sweat: 2.26 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 6\plain\f1\fs22  J kg\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1\u8722 1\plain\f1\fs22\par\tab Using the information above, and your answer to (b) (i), estimate the mass of sweat evaporated from the runner.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (iii)\tab State and explain \plain\f1\fs22\b two\plain\f1\fs22  factors that affect the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin of the runner.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (4)\par (Total 25 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 7.\plain\f1\fs22\tab Some students were asked to design and carry out an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of water. They set up the apparatus shown below.\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw13882\pich6766\picwgoal7875\pichgoal3840\picscalex100\picscaley100 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 \par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\tab The current was switched on and maintained constant using the variable resistor. The readings of the voltmeter and the ammeter were noted. When the water was boiling steadily, the reading of the top-pan balance was taken and, simultaneously, a stopwatch was started. The reading of the top-pan balance was taken again after 200 seconds and then after a further 200 seconds.\par\tab The change in reading of the top-pan balance during each 200 second interval was calculated and an average found. The power of the heater was calculated by multiplying together the readings of the voltmeter and the ammeter.\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par (a)\tab Suggest how the students would know when the water was boiling steadily.\par\pard\s29\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab Explain why a reading of the mass lost in the first 200 seconds and then a reading of the mass lost in the next 200 second interval were taken, rather than one single reading of the mass lost in 400 seconds.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s29\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\tab The students repeated the experiment for different powers supplied to the heater. A graph of the power of the heater against the mass of water lost (the change in balance reading) in 200 seconds was plotted. The results are shown below. \plain\f1\fs22\i (Error bars showing the uncertainties in the measurements are not shown.)\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw15496\pich10947\picwgoal8790\pichgoal6210\picscalex100\picscaley100 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 \par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab (i)\tab On the graph above, draw the best-fit straight line for the data points.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s29\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Determine the gradient of the line you have drawn.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\tab In order to find a value for the specific latent heat of vaporization \plain\f1\fs22\i L\plain\f1\fs22 , the students used the equation\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\i P = mL,\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\tab where \plain\f1\fs22\i P\plain\f1\fs22  is the power of the heater and \plain\f1\fs22\i m\plain\f1\fs22  is the mass of water evaporated \plain\f1\fs22\b per second\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab Use your answer for the gradient of the graph to determine a value for the specific latent heat of vaporization of water.\par\pard\s29\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (e)\tab The theory of the experiment would suggest that the graph line should pass through the origin. Explain briefly why the graph does not pass through the origin.\par\pard\s29\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par (Total 12 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\sa240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 8.\plain\f1\fs22\tab Which two values of temperature are equivalent to the nearest degree when measured on the Kelvin and on the Celsius scales of temperature?\par\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1135\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3418\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx5683\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\b Kelvin scale\plain\f1\fs22\cell\plain\f1\fs22\b Celsius scale\plain\f1\fs22\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1135\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3418\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx5683\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 A.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 40\cell 313\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1135\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3418\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx5683\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 B.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 273\cell 100\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1135\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3418\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx5683\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 C.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 313\cell 40\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1135\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3418\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx5683\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 D.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 373\cell 0\cell\intbl\row\pard\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 9.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about ideal gases and specific heat capacity.\par\pard\s20\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab (i)\tab State, in terms of kinetic theory, what is meant by an \plain\f1\fs22\i ideal gas\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Explain why the internal energy of an ideal gas is kinetic energy only.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22  \par\tab A fixed mass of an ideal gas has a volume of 870 cm\plain\f1\fs16\up10 3\plain\f1\fs22  at a pressure of 1.00 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 5\plain\f1\fs22  Pa and a temperature of 20.0\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C. The gas is heated at constant pressure to a temperature of 21.0\'b0C.\par\pard\s20\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab (i)\tab Calculate the change in volume of the gas.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Determine the external work done during this process.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s20\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab (i)\tab Define \plain\f1\fs22\i specific heat capacity\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Explain what happens to the molecules of an ideal gas when the temperature of the gas is increased at constant volume.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (iii)\tab Apply the first law of thermodynamics to show that, if the temperature of a gas is raised at constant pressure, the specific heat capacity of the gas is different from that when the temperature is raised at constant volume.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s24\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (Total 17 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 10.\plain\f1\fs22\tab When a gas in a thermally insulated cylinder is suddenly compressed, the change of state is\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 A.\tab adiabatic.\par B.\tab isothermal.\par C.\tab isobaric.\par D.\tab isochoric.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\sa240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 11.\plain\f1\fs22\tab A substance changes from solid to liquid at its normal melting temperature. What change, if any, occurs in the average kinetic energy and the average potential energy of its molecules?\par\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3982\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx6817\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\b Average kinetic energy\plain\f1\fs22\cell\plain\f1\fs22\b Average potential energy\plain\f1\fs22\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3982\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx6817\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 A.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 constant\cell constant\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3982\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx6817\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 B.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 increases\cell constant\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3982\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx6817\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 C.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 increases\cell decreases\cell\intbl\row\pard\trowd\trgaph108\trleft426\trpaddl108\trpaddt0\trpaddr108\trpaddb0\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfr3\trpaddfb3\clvertalt\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\cellx1134\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx3982\clvertalt\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\cellx6817\pard\s30\intbl\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 D.\cell\pard\s30\intbl\qc\sb60\sa60\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080 constant\cell increases\cell\intbl\row\pard\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s31\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 12.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about gases and specific heat capacity.\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab State what is meant by an \plain\f1\fs22\i ideal\plain\f1\fs22  gas.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22\tab An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.2 m\plain\f1\fs16\up10 3\plain\f1\fs22  at a temperature of 27\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C and a pressure of 1.0\~\'d7\~10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 5\plain\f1\fs22  Pa. The density of the gas is 1.6 kg m\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'963\plain\f1\fs22 . It is found that 1.5 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 10\plain\f1\fs16\up10 4\plain\f1\fs22  J of energy is required to raise the temperature of the gas to 52\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C when the gas is held at constant volume.\par (b)\tab Determine the specific heat capacity at constant volume of the gas.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab A second sample of the same gas as above is heated from 27\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C to 52\'b0C at constant pressure.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab Show that the volume of the gas at 52\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C is 1.3 m\plain\f1\fs16\up10 3\plain\f1\fs22 .\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Calculate the work done by the gas during the heating process.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab The specific heat capacity for the gas kept at constant volume is different to that when the gas is kept at constant pressure. State and explain whether the specific heat capacity for an ideal gas at constant pressure is greater \plain\f1\fs22\b or\plain\f1\fs22  less than the specific heat capacity of the gas at constant volume.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par (Total 12 marks)\par\pard\s32\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s18\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b  \par 13.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab State what is meant by an \plain\f1\fs22\i ideal\plain\f1\fs22  gas.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab The internal volume of a gas cylinder is 2.0 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7{\txfielddef{\*\txfieldstart\txfieldtype4\txfieldflags0}{\*\txfielddatadef\txfielddatatype4\txfielddata 4f004c0045005f004c0049004e004b0031000000}{\*\txfieldtext \plain\f1\fs22 }{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}}\plain\f1\fs22  10\plain\f1\fs16\up10\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'962\plain\f1\fs22  m\plain\f1\fs16\up10 3\plain\f1\fs22 . An ideal gas is pumped into the cylinder until the pressure becomes 20 MPa at a temperature of 17\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C.\par\tab Determine\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 (i)\tab the number of moles of gas in the cylinder;\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab the number of gas atoms in the cylinder.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s28\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab (i)\tab Using your answers in (b), determine the average volume occupied by one gas atom.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tab Estimate a value for the average separation of the gas atoms.\par\pard\s26\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb240\tx2268\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\plain\f1\fs22 ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par ...........................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par (Total 9 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\b\page\par 14.\plain\f1\fs22\tab This question is about \plain\f1\fs22\i p\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'96V\plain\f1\fs22  diagrams.\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tab The graph below shows the variation with volume of the pressure of a fixed mass of gas when it is compressed adiabatically and also when the same sample of gas is compressed isothermally.\par\pard\s25\qc\sb240\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22 {\pict\wmetafile8\picw14935\pich9899\picwgoal8460\pichgoal5610\picscalex100\picscaley100 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 \par\plain\f1\fs22 (a)\tab State and explain which line AB or AC represents the isothermal compression.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (2)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab On the graph, shade the area that represents the difference in work done in the adiabatic change and in the isothermal change.\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (1)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab Determine the difference in work done, as identified in (b).\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par\pard\s27\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb240\tx1134\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs22  \par\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab Use the first law of thermodynamics to explain the change in temperature during the adiabatic compression.\par\pard\s23\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb240\tx1701\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22 .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par .....................................................................................................................................\par\pard\s21\qr\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\plain\f1\fs20\b (3)\par (Total 9 marks)\par\pard\s17\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb240\tx567\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\par }